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Freedom Flights
Freedom Flights (known in Spanish as ''Los vuelos de la libertad'') transported Cubans to Miami twice daily, five times per week from 1965 to 1973. Its budget was about $12 million and it brought an estimated 300,000 refugees, making it the "largest airborne refugee operation in American history".〔 The Freedom Flights were an important and unusual chapter of cooperation in the history of Cuban-American foreign relations, which is otherwise characterized by Cuban distrust of the United States. The program changed Miami race dynamics and secured the establishment of a Cuban-American enclave still seen today in Little Havana. This enclave, started by earlier waves of immigration but firmly entrenched by Freedom Flights Cubans, aided Cuban-American socio-economic development.
== History of United States and Cuban Relations ==
(詳細はCuban Revolution in 1959 led to the beginning of large-scale Cuban-American immigration. These factors combined to create an atmosphere that scholar Aviva Chomsky calls "ripe for revolution," which Castro exploited to gain power. In the immediate wake of the revolution, emigration was mostly a small group of wealthy pro-Batista elites.
When Fidel Castro's policies began to take shape, a large wave of disillusioned immigrants crashed on South Florida's beaches.〔 A chaotic episode of this wave of immigration, the Camarioca boatlift in 1965, led to unusual cooperation between the Cuban and American governments—the enactment of the Freedom Flights program. On September 28, Castro announced that dissidents could leave through the port of Camarioca in the province of Matanzas.〔 The chaotic scene of thousands of boats dangerously attempting to traverse the Florida Straits and illegally enter the safety of American soil prompted action by the United States, whose Coast Guard found itself overwhelmed.〔〔 In addition to this practical interest, the United States also reaffirmed its ideological commitment to fighting oppression through the establishment of a legal, safe, and orderly avenue of immigration. President Lyndon B. Johnson declared in a speech in front of the Statue of Liberty, "I declare this afternoon to the people of Cuba that those who seek refuge here in America will find it ... Our tradition as an asylum for the oppressed is going to be upheld".〔 For its part, the Cuban government was receptive to establishing a safe and orderly program because the sight of thousands of citizens risking their lives to leave the country reflected poorly on the Castro administration.〔 The two countries engaged in unusually mutual negotiations, given the island's anti-American sentiment and the United States' ideological opposition to Communism. These negotiations resulted in enactment of the Freedom Flights program.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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